Aplikacija adaptacijskega modela Calliste Roy pri pacientu z rakom in s kronično bolečino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2014.48.1.11Ključne besede:
teoretični model zdravstvene nege, Callista Roy, prilagoditev, rak, kronična bolečinaPovzetek
Uvod: Prilagajanje je ključni dejavnik za uspešno soočenje posameznika s spremembami v svojem notranjem in zunanjem okolju. Z aktivnostmi zdravstvene nege medicinske sestre pomagajo zagotoviti potrebne vire za uspešnejši proces prilagajanja. Avtorji v prispevku razpravljajo, ali bi teoretični model prilagoditve Calliste Roy ustrezal pri obravnavi in zdravstveni negi v enoti za zdravljenje bolečine.
Metode: Uporabljena je triangulacija metod pregleda literature in kvalitativne metode z raziskovalno tehniko kritičnega dogodka. Pregled literature je bil narejen v vzajemni bibliografsko-kataložni bazi COBIB.SI in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Pridobljenih je bilo 165 zadetkov in uporabljenih 34 znanstvenih člankov ter 7 monografij. Kriteriji izbora so bili primarni viri Calliste Roy, dostopnost, relevantnost, kritična ponazoritev teoretičnega modela. Tehnika kritičnega dogodka v treh fazah opiše incident, ga analizira ter poda možne izide.
Rezultati: Adaptacijski model Calliste Roy je aplikativen, uporaben in v sedanji situaciji se dobro dopolnjuje s štirinajstimi temeljnimi življenjskimi aktivnostmi po Virginie Henderson. Model daje možnost ocene tako fizičnega kot psihosocialnega stanja. Najpomembnejše prepoznane intervencije medicinske sestre, ki pripomorejo k prilagoditvenemu procesu pacienta, so psihosocialna podpora, učenje in svetovanje.
Diskusija in zaključek: Prednost obravnave pacienta z rakom in bolečino po izbranem modelu zdravstvene nege je v možnosti ocene stanja po vseh štirih ravneh prilagajanja in v prikazu načrta zdravstvene nege. Pokazalo se je kot pozitivno, da medicinska sestra lahko s psihosocialno podporo in informiranjem vpliva na kakovost življenja pacienta. Pacient in družina se soočata s kronično boleznijo, načinom življenja in pomenom poznavanja ter nadzorovanja bolečine.
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