Dejavniki, povezani z uporabo tobaka pri zdravstvenih delavcih
integrativni pregled literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2018.52.2.188Ključne besede:
nadzor nad tobakom, opustitev kajenja, socio-ekonomski dejavnikiPovzetek
Uvod: Razširjenost kajenja med zdravstvenimi delavci postaja resen problem. Glavni namen raziskave je bil spoznati dejavnike, ki so povezani z uporabo tobaka zdravstvenih delavcev.
Metode: V raziskavi je bil uporabljen integrativni pregled znanstvene literature s področja razširjenosti kajenja med zdravstvenimi delavci in dejavnikov, povezanih z uporabo tobaka pri zdravstvenih delavcih. Uporabljene so bile mednarodne podatkovne baze CINAHL, PubMed, SpringerLink, prav tako pa smo literaturo iskali tudi s pomočjo spletnega brskalnika Google (Google učenjak). S pomočjo ključnih besed razširjenost kajenja med zdravstvenimi delavci, prevalence of smoking, nurses, professionals, tobacco use, smokers, healthcare professionals se je v končno analizo uvrstilo 13 zadetkov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim kriterijem. Za prikaz pregleda podatkovnih baz in odločanja o uporabnosti pregledanih virov je bila uporabljena metodologija PRISMA. Zbrani podatki so bili analizirani z metodo metasinteze.
Rezultati: Identificirali smo 23 kod, ki smo jih glede na lastnosti in medsebojne povezave združili v štiri vsebinske kategorije: (1) nadzor nad tobakom, (2) socialni dejavniki, povezani z uporabo tobaka, (3) ekonomski dejavniki, povezani z uporabo tobaka, (4) zavedanje zdravstvenih delavcev o pomenu promocije nekajenja. Kot najpogostejše statistične metode pri kvantitativnih analizah so bile uporabljene bivariatna (test hi-kvadrat, t-test) in multivariatna analiza.
Diskusija in zaključek: Uporaba tobaka pri zdravstvenih delavcih je povezana s socialno-ekonomskimi dejavniki, starostjo, spolom, nižjo izobrazbo, nižjim dohodkom in delovnim okoljem. Krepiti je treba programe promocije nekadilskega vedenja in opogumljati zdravstvene delavce v vlogi vzornikov.
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