Uporaba in učinkovitost glasbene terapije v enoti intenzivne terapije
sistematični pregled literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2020.54.4.3027Ključne besede:
kritično bolni, pacienti, nefarmakološke intervencije, naravni zvoki, skladbePovzetek
Uvod: Uporaba glasbe v terapevtske namene je neinvazivna intervencija, ki v bolnišničnem okolju lahko ugodno vpliva na pacientovo psihofizično stanje, vendar v vsakdanji obravnavi pacientov ni uveljavljena. Zato je bil namen raziskave preučiti uporabo in učinkovitost glasbene terapije glede na doživljanje bolečine ali stresa pri pacientih, hospitaliziranih v enotah intenzivne terapije.
Metode: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled znanstvene literature v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library z uporabo ključnih besed v angleškem jeziku »music therapy«, »intensive care unit«, »stress«, »anxiety«, »pain« ter upoštevanjem vključitvenihin izključitvenih kriterijev. Potek pregleda literature je prikazan s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Kakovost raziskav, vključenih v končno analizo, je bila ocenjena s pomočjo orodja Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Rezultati so sintetizirani z uporabo metode analize vsebine.
Rezultati: Izmed 749 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 13 raziskav. Raziskave kažejo učinkovitost glasbene terapije pri lajšanju bolečin, poglobitvi sedacije, uravnavanju fizioloških parametrov ter zmanjšanju strahu in anksioznosti pri hospitaliziranih pacientih v enotah intenzivne terapije.
Diskusija in zaključek: Glasbena terapija je v medsebojnem dopolnjevanju s farmakološkimi ukrepi primerna intervencija za obvladovanje bolečine in stresa. Primanjkuje dokazov o optimalnem trajanju, zvrsti glasbe in načinu izvajanja glasbene terapije za doseganje najboljših rezultatov.
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