Ukrepi za obravnavo otroka z okužbo zgornjih dihalnih poti
pregled literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2021.55.3.3072Ključne besede:
pediatrična zdravstvena nega, starši, zdravstvena vzgoja, zdravstveni tim, okužbePovzetek
Uvod: Okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti so pri otrocih pogoste ter so tudi pogost razlog za opustitve šolanja, obisk zdravnika in nepotrebne stroške zdravstva. Namen raziskave je pregledati, analizirati in sintetizirati obstoječo literaturo s področja ukrepov pri zdravstveni obravnavi otrok z okužbo zgornjih dihalnih poti.
Metode: Uporabili smo opisno metodo dela. Iskanje literature je potekalo v obdobju od decembra 2019 do januarja 2020 v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah Medline in CINAHL. Potek iskanja in analize literature je prikazan s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Zadetke smo analizirali glede na karakteristike raziskav in razvrstili glede na raven dokaza. Rezultate smo sintetizirali s pomočjo vsebinske analize.
Rezultati: Izmed 1.845 identificiranih zadetkov smo v končno analizo vključili 18 zadetkov. Identificirali smo 10 kategorij: znanje, prepoznavanje okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti, predpisovanje in uporaba antibiotikov, uporaba nepredpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v bolnišnici, socialna izolacija, nedokazan uspeh zdravila, dejavnosti zdravstvenih delavcev za preprečevanje ali zdravljenje okužb zgornjih dihalnih poti, obravnava, osredotočena na otroka in starše. Identificirali smo tri kategorije: zdravstvena vzgoja, zdravljenje in ukrepi za izboljšanje zdravstvene obravnave, zdravstvena nega in oskrba.
Diskusija in zaključek: Za kakovostno zdravstveno obravnavo otrok z okužbami zgornjih dihalnih poti je potreben pristop, ki je usmerjen k otroku in družini, je celosten ter varen. Ukrepi pri interdisciplinarni zdravstveni obravnavi otrok morajo temeljiti na znanstvenih dokazih. Poleg ustreznega zdravljenja in ukrepov je pomembno, da izvajamo tudi izobraževanje otrok in staršev.
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Literatura
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