Posredni psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja za zdravje zaposlenih v bolnišnici
opisna raziskava
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2021.55.3.3086Ključne besede:
delovno okolje, medicinske sestre, psihofizično zdravje, tveganjaPovzetek
Uvod: Na zdravje zaposlenih v delovnem okolju vplivajo psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja, ki jih razvrščamo na neposredne in posredne. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti moč povezanosti in vpliv posrednih dejavnikov tveganja pri delu na psihofizično zdravje zaposlenih.
Metode: Izvedena je bila opisna presečna raziskava na 112 izmed 994 naključno izbranih zaposlenih v splošni bolnišnici. Kot merski inštrument je bil uporabljen standardiziran vprašalnik »Obvladovanje psihosocialnih tveganj in absentizma« (Cronbach α = 0,915). S kvantitativno analizo podatkov je bila raziskana povezanost med spremenljivkami ter z regresijsko analizo vpliv neodvisnih spremenljivk na psihofizično zdravje zaposlenih.
Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo, da se z indeksom »Psihofizično zdravje zaposlenih« značilno povezujejo vsi preučevani posredni psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja: odnos do dela, medosebni odnosi, organizacijska kultura, osebnostne značilnosti, razvoj poklicne kariere, razmejitev zasebnega življenja in dela ter skrb zase. Spremenljivko »Psihofizično zdravje« napovedujeta indeksa »Odnos do dela« in »Osebnostne značilnosti« (R2 = 0,40).
Diskusija in zaključek: Anketiranci so izmed težav z zdravjem najpogosteje navedli bolečine v mišicah ramen, vratu in/ali zgornjih udov, med pojavi, povezanimi z zdravjem, pa občutek preobremenjenosti in utrujenost. Izmed posrednih dejavnikov tveganja so na zdravstveno stanje zaposlenih značilno vplivale spremenljivke »Osebnostne značilnosti« in »Odnos do dela« oziroma »Dojemanje težav kot izzivov« ter »Pozitiven odnos do rezultatov dela«. Ugotovitve lahko služijo managementu bolnišnice, ki bi z dobro organizacijo dela in boljšim neposrednim vodenjem dosegel zmanjšanje dejavnikov tveganja zaposlenih.
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