Prehranjevanje oseb z napredovalo demenco
integrativni pregled literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2022.56.2.3099Ključne besede:
kognitivna motnja, podhranjenost, težave s hranjenjem, kakovost življenja, zdravstvena nega, dolgotrajna oskrbaPovzetek
Uvod: Napredovala stopnja demence je terminalna stopnja v kliničnem poteku demence, za katero sta poleg kognitivnih, telesnih, vedenjskih in psiholoških okvar značilna izguba samostojnosti pri izvajanju osnovnih dnevnih opravil ter visoko tveganje za podhranjenost. Namen raziskave je predstaviti pristope za zagotavljanje optimalne prehranjenosti pri osebah z napredovalo stopnjo demence v institucionalni oskrbi.
Metode: Narejen je bil integrativni pregled literature, objavljene med letoma 2014 in 2019. Za identifikacijo relevantne literature smo uporabili iskalni niz dementia OR alzheimers OR cognitive impairment OR memory loss AND feeding OR eating OR nutrition, pregledani sta bili podatkovni bazi CINAHL in MEDLINE. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 19 člankov.
Rezultati: Izsledki pregleda literature so bili razporejeni v štiri kategorije: (1) spodbujanje samostojnosti pri hranjenju, (2) uporaba prilagojene prehrane, (3) obvladovanje motenj požiranja in (4) na posameznika usmerjena oskrba.
Diskusija in zaključek: Pristopi pri zagotavljanju kakovosti življenja oseb z napredovalo stopnjo demence so usmerjeni k spodbujanju samostojnosti pri hranjenju. Slednje se lahko dosega z intervencijami na področju obvladovanja upada umskih in telesnih sposobnosti, motenj požiranja, z zagotavljanjem prehranskega vnosa per os ter izvajanjem oskrbe, usmerjene k posamezniku.
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Literatura
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