Kulturna kompetentnost v slovenski bolnišnični prehrani
kvalitativna opisna raziskava
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2022.56.2.3149Ključne besede:
bolnišnična prehrana, kulturni vidiki prehrane, prilagajanje prehrane, raznolikost, kultura, prilagajanje, prehrana, izzivi, razvojPovzetek
Uvod: Upoštevanje prehranskih omejitev in načel v zvezi s kulturnim ozadjem pacientov je v bolnišnični prehrani pomembno, saj prehrana vpliva na zdravstvene izide in dolžino in stroške hospitalizacije. Ta način zahteva organizacijsko in individualno kulturno kompetentnost. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti pogled odgovornih s področja bolnišnične prehrane na kulturno kompetentnost, oceniti, ali se prehrana v bolnišnicah prilagaja kulturnemu ozadju pacientov, in identificirati izzive na tem področju.
Metode: Opravljena je bila kvalitativna raziskava z delno strukturiranimi intervjuji. Intervjuvanih je bilo štirinajst vodstvenih kadrov (vodij prehranskih služb) in drugih strokovnjakov s področja prehrane (dietetikov) iz osmih slovenskih bolnišnic. Pridobljeni podatki so bili analizirani z deduktivno vsebinsko analizo v programu Atlas.ti.
Rezultati: Sogovorniki so se zavedali raznolikosti pacientov in pomena prilagajanja prehrane kulturnemu ozadju, čeprav je koncept kulturne kompetentnosti nepoznan. Pri prilagajanju prehrane obstajajo omejitve. Znanja o kulturnih vidikih prehrane so pomanjkljiva, izobraževanja s tega področja komajda obstajajo. Razvoj kulturne kompetentnosti onemogočajo še drugi izzivi, kot so organizacijski, tehnološki in komunikacijski izzivi.
Diskusija in zaključek: S podobnimi izzivi, kot se pri nas, se srečujejo tudi v tujini. Ne glede na to, da imajo po mnenju sogovornikov pacienti v preučevanih bolnišnicah na razpolago veliko možnosti za prilagajanje prehrane, o kulturni kompetentnosti še ne moremo govoriti, saj ta koncept zajema tudi druge veščine. Za razvoj kulturne kompetentnosti tega področja se zahtevajo dodatne raziskave, možnosti izobraževanja o kulturnih vidikih prehranjevanja in zavedanje o pomembnosti storitev prehrane na vseh ravneh zdravstvenega sistema.
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