Razlogi za zapuščanje poklica med medicinskimi sestrami v bolnišnicah
integrativni pregled literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2023.57.2.3203Ključne besede:
zdravstvena nega, izgorelost, zadržanje medicinskih sester, zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestuPovzetek
Uvod: Pomanjkanje medicinskih sester je odraz starajoče se družbe in večjih potreb uporabnikov zdravstvenih storitev. Nezadovoljstvo medicinskih sester vodi v izgorelost, ki je najpogostejši vzrok za zapuščanje poklica. Namen integrativnega pregleda literature je bil preučiti razloge za odločitve medicinskih sester v bolnišnicah, da zapustijo poklic.
Metode: Uporabili smo integrativni pregled literature. Z uporabo ključnih besed zdravstvena nega, zapuščanje poklica, dejavniki tveganja, izgorelost, zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu smo pregledali podatkovne baze CINAHL, PubMed in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Vključili smo raziskave v angleškem jeziku, objavljene med letoma 2011 in 2021. Identificirali smo 1.328 zadetkov, za končno analizo pa uporabili osem virov v polnem besedilu: šest virov iz šestega nivoja in dva vira iz sedmega nivoja izbrane hierarhije dokazov. Za pregled poteka raziskave smo uporabili diagram PRISMA. Zbrane podatke smo obdelali s tematsko integrativno analizo.
Rezultati: S tematsko integrativno analizo smo identificirali 25 kod, ki smo jih združili v štiri podteme in dve temi: (1) družbeno-ekonomski in organizacijski dejavniki, povezani z zapuščanjem poklica; (2) neustrezni delovni pogoji in pomanjkljiva podpora managementa.
Diskusija in zaključek: Kljub aktualnosti teme so raziskave večinoma presečne, intervencijskih raziskav v našem integrativnem pregledu ni. Védenje o zadržanju medicinskih sester v našem kulturnem okolju lahko okrepimo z nacionalnimi retrospektivnimi in prospektivnimi raziskavami, kar nam bo dalo dobra izhodišča tudi za intervencijske raziskave.
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