Prehranski vzorci slovenskih mladostnikov in njihov življenjski slog
kvantitativna raziskava
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2023.57.4.3229Ključne besede:
zajtrkovanje, sadje in zelenjava, stročnice, telesna aktivnost, spanje, prehrana dijakovPovzetek
Uvod: Zdravo prehranjevanje, telesna aktivnost in spanje so pomembne določilnice življenjskega sloga mladostnikov. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti povezave prehranskih vzorcev mladostnikov z njihovim življenjskim slogom, analizirati razlike glede na spol in regijo bivanja ter ugotoviti povezave med posameznimi vzorci življenjskega sloga.
Metode: Raziskava je bila opravljena spomladi 2019 na populaciji dijakov 3. letnikov (n = 1563) naključno izbranih srednjih šol v Sloveniji. Njihova povprečna starost je bila 18 let. Za namen raziskave je bil uporabljen anonimni anketni vprašalnik, izdelan v spletnem orodju 1KA, ki je vseboval 30 vprašanj. S programom SPSS je bila izvedena opisna in inferenčna statistika. Za testiranje statistično značilnih razlik smo uporabili t-test, statistično značilno povezanost smo preverjali s pomočjo statistike χ2 ter s Spearmanovim korelacijskim koeficientom.
Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da je primanjkljaj vnosa zelenjave, stročnic in rib glede na priporočila večji kot pri vnosu sadja; poleg tega je večji v vzhodni regiji. Med regijama smo ugotovili razlike v stanju hranjenosti, ki so statistično značilne (U = 275,597, p = 0,003). Dokazali smo pozitivno povezavo med pogostostjo zajtrkovanja med tednom in količino spanja (rs = 0,177, p = 0,001) ter negativno povezavo med sedentarnim vedenjem in redno telesno aktivnostjo mladostnikov v prostem času (rs = –0,113, p = 0,001).
Diskusija in zaključek: Prehranske navade anketiranih mladostnikov niso skladne s priporočili. Prav tako mladostniki ne dosegajo priporočil za telesno aktivnost. Prihodnje raziskave bi se morale bolj osredotočiti na starejše mladostnike (18–24 let) ter na povezanost posameznih dejavnikov življenjskega sloga.
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