Izkušnje posameznikov različne spolne usmerjenosti z zdravstvenimi delavci
integrativni pregled literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2020.54.3.3005Ključne besede:
heteronormativnost, spolna identiteta, homoseksualnost, homofobija, diskriminacija, biseksualnost, transspolne osebePovzetek
Uvod: Posamezniki lahko pripadajo različnim spolnim manjšinam. Ta osebna okoliščina ne sme vplivati na kakovost zdravstvene obravnave. Kljub temu številni doživljajo diskriminacijo zaradi svoje spolne usmerjenosti, zdravstveni sistem pa je prežet z normo heteronormativnosti. Namen integrativnega pregleda je bil sinteza dokazov glede izkušenj lezbijk, gejev, biseksualnih in transspolnih (LGBT) oseb z zdravstvenimi strokovnjaki.
Metode: Uporabljena je bila metoda integrativnega pregleda literature s tematsko analizo rezultatov izbranih virov na način oblikovanja kod in kategorij. Literaturo smo iskali po elektronskih podatkovnih bazah Springer Link, SAGE, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite in MEDLINE. Iskali smo s pomočjo angleških ključnih besed: »experiences«, »healthcare«, »gay«, »lesbian«, »homosexual«, »bisexual« in »transgender«. Izbor primarnih virov smo opravili glede na vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije. Tematska analiza je potekala na način odprtega kodiranja rezultatov izbranih virov.
Rezultati: Skupno smo v obdobju od junija do avgusta 2018 presejali 6.839 virov; v končno analizo smo jih uvrstili 14 (objavljenih med letoma 2009 in 2017). Oblikovali smo 41 kod, ki smo jih združili v 2 kategoriji: »Pozitivne izkušnje LGBT-posameznikov z zdravstvenimi delavci« ter »Negativne izkušnje LGBTposameznikov z zdravstvenimi delavci«.
Diskusija in zaključek: Izkušnje LGBT-posameznikov z zdravstvenimi delavci so ambivalentne. Čeprav prevladujejo pozitivne izkušnje, negativnih ne smemo zanemariti, saj izvirajo iz heteronormativnosti, včasih pa celo predsodkov in homofobije. Zdravstveni delavci potrebujejo kulturne kompetence, ki so odraz razvoja družbe in potreb posameznikov v njej.
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