Uporaba intervencij za zagotavljanje oskrbe, osredotočene na osebo, pri pacientih s srčno-žilnimi boleznimi
sistematični pregled
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2026.60.1.3296Ključne besede:
kronične bolezni, kakovost življenja, vključevanje pacientov, intervencije, samoobladovanje bolezniPovzetek
Uvod: Oskrba, osredotočena na osebo, je pristop, ki postavlja pacienta v središče obravnave in predstavlja pomemben element pri preprečevanju kroničnih bolezni. Namen raziskave je bil opredeliti najpogostejše intervencije oskrbe, osredotočene na osebo, pri pacientih s srčno-žilnimi boleznimi.
Metode: Izvedli smo sistematični pregled literature v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate (EBSCO), MEDLINE in Web of Science. Vključeni so bili članki, ki so obravnavali populacijo, starejšo od 18 let, ki so vključevali intervencijo v skladu z načeli oskrbe, osredotočene na osebo. Da bi ovrednotili moč in zanesljivost dokazov, smo kakovost raziskav ocenili s kontrolnim seznamom kritične presoje Joanna Briggs Institute in hierarhijo dokazov.
Rezultati: Od 254 zadetkov smo v končno analizo vključili 11 raziskav. Osem jih je bilo uvrščenih v nivo 2 (randomizirane klinične raziskave), tri pa v nivo 5 (opazovalne raziskave). Večina je vključevala več kot 100 udeležencev, trajanje intervencij pa je segalo od šest tednov do dveh let. Učinki so bili heterogeni: nekatere raziskave so pokazale izboljšanje nadzora krvnega tlaka in lipidov, zmanjšanje dejavnikov tveganja, večjo samoučinkovitost in hitrejšo vrnitev k delu, druge pa niso potrdile pomembnih razlik med skupinami.
Diskusija in zaključek: Oskrba, osredotočena na osebo, je obetaven pristop za izboljšanje samoobvladovanja in življenjskega sloga pacientov s srčno-žilnimi boleznimi. V slovenskem prostoru tovrstnih raziskav še ni, zato so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave.
Prenosi
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