Challenges in providing long-term care for older people
The perspective of formal and informal care providers: A systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2026.60.2.3344Keywords:
aging, caregivers, long-term care, delivery of health care, frailtyAbstract
Introduction: An ageing population and increasing frailty are heightening the demand for long-term care, placing additional pressure on health and social systems. The aim of this review was to identify the challenges of long-term care for older people from the perspectives of both formal (healthcare professionals) and informal care providers.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was carried out in the CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE, SAGE, and Web of Science databases from their inception to March 2025; only original articles in English were included. Quality was assessed using the JBI tool and classified by level of evidence according to Polit and Beck. Data analysis was conducted using narrative synthesis following Popay et al., encompassing the coding of findings, thematic grouping, and comparison between studies.
Results: The search identified 1,802 records; after removing 133 duplicates, 1,669 titles and abstracts and 43 full texts were screened. Six studies were included in the systematic review: five qualitative (level 7), and one quantitative (level 4). The analysis revealed the following key themes: unclear or conflicting guidelines, gaps in coordination and care transitions, communication deficiencies, and a high emotional burden on informal caregivers.
Discussion and conclusion: The findings highlight the need for integrated care models, practical guidelines, and structured support for informal caregivers, particularly during the transition from hospital to home.
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