Vloga prve skrbstvene sestre Angele Boškin pri profesionalizaciji slovenske zdravstvene nege: zgodovinska raziskava življenjepisa (1912–1944)

Brigita Skela-Savič

doi:10.14528/snr.2019.53.2.2967

Authors

Brigita Skela-Savič Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care Spodnji Plavž 3, 4270 Jesenice, Slovenia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1028-5383

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2019.53.2.2967

Keywords:

occupation, profession, nurse, care, association, education

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding the history of nursing enhances the capacity and positive self-image of nursing professionals, and helps them develop critical thinking and decision-making skills. The aim of the research was to investigate the professional work of Ms. Angela Boškin through the theoretical framework of professionalization elements in nursing.
Methods: Historical research design with idealistic tradition and biographical approach were used. A total of 16 sources of different typologies were included in content analysis and synthesis of evidence. The methods of paraphrasing, chronological classification system, content categorization, and content themes were used. Reliability and validity of the research were evaluated using external and personal information evaluation, balance of content, and familiarization with the historical period.
Results: A total of 122 paraphrases were produced and subsequently merged into 31 categories and 10 themes describing Ms. Angela Boškin's contribution to the professionalization of Slovenian nursing care in the period 1912–1944. The themes served as the basis for composing the story and drawing conclusions.
Discussion and conclusion: Ms. Angela Boškin provided the initial expertise needed to establish nursing as an occupation in Slovenia and contributed to the development of its autonomy, professional recognition and social esteem. By founding the first school, Ms. Boškin laid the foundations for the development of basic professional knowledge and standardized education. She established the autonomy of preventive care to mothers and children, and contributed to the adoption of a regulatory framework for 'social care nurse' in preventive nursing care. As the head of the nursing association, she set the direction for the development of nursing care, giving it value in Slovenia and internationally.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Brigita Skela-Savič, Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care Spodnji Plavž 3, 4270 Jesenice, Slovenia

Assoc. Prof., PhD, MSc, BSc, RN, Research Counsellor

References

Aiken, L., Sloane, D.M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., et al., 2014. Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. The Lancet, 383(9931), pp. 1824–1830. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62631-8

Anon., 1970. Gradivo II. skupščine Zveze DMS Slovenije dne 5. in 6. XII. 1969. Zdravstveni obzornik, 4(1), pp. 1–7. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1970.04.1.1 [10. 8. 2018].

Alpers, R., Jarrell, K. & Wotring, R., 2011. The importance of nursing history: a method of inclusion. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 6(4), pp. 190–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2011.08.001

Ball, J.E., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A.M., Morrow, E. & Griffiths, P., 2014. ‘Care left undone’ during nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care. BMJ Quality & Safety, 23(2), pp. 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001767 PMid:23898215; PMCid:PMC3913111

Bixler, G. & Bixler, R., 1959. The professional status of nursing. American Journal of Nursing, 59(8), pp. 1142–1147. https://doi.org/10.2307/3417887 PMid:13670189

Bole, C., 1969. Naša prva medicinska sestra Angela Boškinova. Zdravstveni obzornik, 3(3), pp. 123–130. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1969.03.3.123 [10. 8. 2018].

Gradišek, A., 1970. Petdeset let dela in oblikovanja medicinske sestre na slovenskem: govor na jubilejni skupščini ZDMSS v Ljubljani dne 5. decembra 1969. Zdravstveni obzornik, 4(1), pp. 8–31. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1970.04.1.8 [10. 8. 2018].

Gradišek, A., 1974. Jubilejna skupščina Zveze društev medicinskih sester Slovenije: 50 let zdravstvenega strokovnega šolstva na Slovenskem. Zdravstveni obzornik, 8(3), pp. 145–158. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1974.08.3.145 [10. 8. 2018].

Griffiths, P., Ball, J., Murrells, T., Jones, S. & Rafferty, A.M., 2016. Registered nurse, health care support worker, medical staffing levels and mortality in English hospital trusts: a crosssectional study. BMJ Open, 6, art. ID e008751. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008751 PMid:26861934; PMCid:PMC4762154

Gunn, V., Muntaner, C., Villeneuve, M., Chung, H. & Gea-Sanchez, M., 2019. Nursing professionalization and welfare state policies: a critical review of structural factors influencing the development of nursing and the nursing workforce. Nursing Inqiry, 26(1), art. ID e12263. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12263 PMid:30175496

Fitzpatrick, M.L., 2001. Historical research: the method. In: P.L. Munhall, ed. Nursing research: a qualitative perspective. 3th ed. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publiskers, pp. 403–416.

Hočevar-Kuharič, M., 1969. Dispanzerji in posvetovalnice za otroke v SR Sloveniji. Zdravstveni obzornik, 3(3), pp. 144–140. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1969.03.3.144 [10. 8. 2018].

Holme, A., 2015. Why history matters to nursing. Nurse Education Today, 35(5), pp. 635–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.02.007 PMid:25729009

Ivančič Lebar, I., 2008. Zgodovina zasavskega zdravstva. Kronika, 57(3), pp. 569–570. Kelly, J. & Watson, R., 2015. An integrative review of the literature on the teaching of the history of nursing in preregistration adult nursing education in the UK. Nurse Education Today, 35(5), pp. 360–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.10.015 PMid:25466795

Keršič, I. & Klemenc, 2017. Ustanovitev, organizacijske sheme in žigi. In: D. Andoljšek, I. Keršič, D. Klemenc, M. Berkopec, A. Mihelič Zajec, et al., eds. Negovanje dediščine skozi devet desetletij – organizirano delovanje medicinskih sester na Slovenskem. Ljubljana, Zbornica zdravstvene in babiške nege – Zveza strokovnih društev medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije, pp. 25– 47.

Kodeks etike v zdravstveni negi in oskrbi Slovenije, 2014. Ljubljana: Zbornica zdravstvene in babiške nege Slovenije – Zveza strokovnih društev medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije. Korenčan, A., 2009. Življenje in delo Angele Boškin, prve šolane medicinske sestre na Slovenskem. Strokovna monografija. Gorica: Goriška Mohorjeva družba, pp. 17–61.

Lačen-Benedičič, I., 2015. Zgodovina zdravstva na Jesenicah. Naše novice, 6(2), p. 10.

Lewenson, S.B., 2011. Historical research method. In: H.J. Streubert & D. Rinaldi Carpenter, eds. Qualitative research in nursing: advancing the humanistic imperative. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, pp. 225–248.

Lewenson, S.B. & McAllister, A., 2015. Learning the historical method: step by step. In: M. de Chesnay, ed. Nursing research using historical methods: qualitative designs and methods in nursing. New York: Springer, pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826126184.0001

Lindberg, B., Hunter, M. & Kruszewski, K., 1998. Introduction to nursing. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.

Jakšič, M. & Hauc, P., 2008. Angela Boškin: poti k ljudem. Video DVD Ljubljana: TV Slovenija.

Jarnovič, N., Kotnik, A., Seivwright, M.J. & M.Š.M., 1969. Iz društvenega življenja. Zdravstveni obzornik, 3(4), pp. 231–243. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1969.03.4.231 [10. 8. 2018].

MacMillan, K.M., 2012. The challenge of achieving interprofessional collaboration: should we blame Nightingale? Journal of Interprofessional Care, 26, pp. 410–415. https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2012.699480 PMid:22734936

Madsen, W., 2008. Teaching history to nurses: will this make me a better nurse? Nurse Education Today, 28(5), pp. 524–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.09.008 PMid:17935834

Merljak, N., 1974. Jubilejna skupščina Zveze društev medicinskih sester Slovenije: 50. obletnica ustanovitve šole za medicinske sestre na Slovenskem. Zdravstveni obzornik, 8(3), pp. 158–161. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1974.08.3.145 [10. 8. 2018].

Miller, B.K., Adams, D. & Beck, L., 1993. A behavioral inventory for professionalism in nursing. Journal of Professional Nursing, 9(5), pp. 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/8755-7223(93)90055-H

Miloradović, M., 1978. Petdesetletnica strokovnega društva medicinskih sester na Slovenskem. Zdravstveni obzornik, 12(1/2), pp. 3–22. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1978.12.1.3 [10. 8. 2018].

Muller, L., 2018. Legal and ethical issues. In: D.L., Huber, ed. Leadership and nursing care management. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, pp. 85–101.

Mugerli, M., 2015. Zgodovina zdravstva na Jesenicah. Jesenice: Gornjesavski muzej Jesenice, pp. 7–16, 25–26.

Nightingale, F., 1859. Notes on nursing: what it is and what it is not. London, United Kingdom: Harrison & Sons, pp. 12–136.

Quinn, C., & Smith, M., 1987. The professional commitment: issues and ethics in nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.

Palese, A., Zabalegui, A., Sigurdardottir, A.K., Bergin, M., Dobrowolska, B., Gasser, C., et al., 2014. Bologna process, more or less: nursing education in the European economic area: a discussion paper. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 11(1), pp. 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2013-0022 PMid:24695045

Rehar Sancin, L., 2012. Angela Boškin prva medicinska sestra v Sloveniji (1885–1977). In: Nojevo pero. Del 1: rojstvo 20. stoletja v znamenju primorskih žena rojenih do leta 1900. 2. dopolnjena izd. Trst : ZTT, pp. 185–191.

Rožman, I., 2007. Angela Boškin (1885–1977): prva medicinska sestra in socialna delavka v Sloveniji in Jugoslaviji. In: A. Šelih, ed. Pozabljena polovica: portreti žensk 19. in 20. stoletja na Slovenskem. Ljubljana: Tuma; SAZU, pp. 202–206.

Schein, E., & Kommers, D., 1972. Professional education. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Silber, J.H., Rosenbaum, P.R., McHugh, M.D., Ludwig, J.M., Smith, H.S, Niknam, B.A., et al., 2016. Comparing the value of better nursing work environments across different levels of patient risk. JAMA Surgery, 151(6), pp. 527–536. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4908 PMid:26791112; PMCid:PMC4957817

Skela-Savič, B., 2018a. Basics of EBN, models and process - based on SCES content. Lecture at: "Efficiency and quality by evidence based nursing, master class in the framework of ProInCa - Promoting the innovation capacity of higher education in nursing during health services' transition, a project co-founded by the Erasmus+ capacity building in the field of higher education programme", Ljubljana, November 12th.

Skela-Savič, B., 2018b. Zdravje in potrebe neformalnih oskrbovalcev v družini: izzivi dolgotrajne oskrbe v Sloveniji. Available at: https://www.fzab.si/blog/2018/04/17/zdravje-in-potrebeneformalnih-oskrbovalcev-v-druzini-izzivi-dolgotrajneoskrbe-v-sloveniji/ [15. 7. 2018].

Skela-Savič, B., 2017a. Development of nursing professionalization elements in Slovenia : the group interview technique. Obzornik zdravstvene nege, 51(4), pp. 274–297. https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2017.51.4.199

Skela-Savič, B., 2017b. Professionalization of nursing in Slovenia: challenges and responsibilities for nurses with a higher education degree. Obzornik zdravstvene nege, 51(4), pp. 264–273. https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2017.51.4.202

Skela-Savič, B., 2017c. Slovenska zdravstvena nega in profesionalizacija, izzivi za prihodnost. In: D. Andoljšek, I. Keršič, D. Klemenc, M. Berkopec, A. Mihelič Zajec, et al., eds. Negovanje dediščine skozi devet desetletij – organizirano delovanje medicinskih sester na Slovenskem. Ljubljana: Zbornica zdravstvene in babiške nege – Zveza strokovnih društev medicinskih setser, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije, pp. 111–121.

Skela-Savič, B., Babnik, K., Trunk Širca, N., Pajnkihar, M., Klemenčič, E., Gabrovec, B., et al., 2017a. Zaključno poročilo ciljno raziskovalni projekt: »Zdravstvena nega kot znanstvena disciplina v Sloveniji: mednarodno primerljiv sistem sekundarnega in terciarnega izobraževanja v zdravstveni negi kot temelj raziskav in prispevka znanosti k trajnostnemu družbenemu razvoju«. Jesenice, etc.: Fakulteta za zdravstvo Angele Boškin, etc., pp. 1–226.

Skela-Savič, B., 2016a. Professionalism in nursing: what is its current level in Slovenia. Obzornik zdravstvene nege, 50(1), pp. 4–9. https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2016.50.1.94

Skela-Savič, B., Hvalič Touzery, S. & Pesjak, K., 2017b. Professional values and competencies as explanatory factors for the use of evidence-based practice in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(1), pp. 1910–1923. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13280 PMid:28205259

Skela-Savič, B., Pesjak, K. & Lobe, B., 2016. Evidence-based practice among nurses in Slovenian hospitals: a national survey. International Nursing Review, 63(1), pp. 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12233 PMid:26748610

Skela-Savič, B., 2016. Zakaj Fakulteta za zdravstvo Angele Boškin? Available at: https://www.fzab.si/blog/2016/12/19/zakaj-fakulteta-zazdravstvo-angele-boskin/ [1. 6. 2018].

Skela-Savič, B., 2014. Are we aware of our responsibilities for developing nursing care? Obzornik zdravstvene nege, 48(1). pp. 5–11. https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2014.48.1.12

Skela-Savič, B. & Kydd, A., 2011. Nursing knowledge as a response to societal needs : a framework for promoting nursing as a profession. Zdravstveno varstvo, 50(4), pp. 286–296. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10152-011-0007-3

Skela-Savič, B., 2009. Zdravstvena nega in raziskovanje: nekateri vplivni dejavniki za razvoj zdravstvene nege kot znanstvene discipline v Sloveniji. Obzornik zdravstvene nege, 43(3), pp. 209–222. Available at: https://obzornik.zbornica-zveza.si/index.php/ObzorZdravNeg/article/view/2726 [1. 5. 2018].

Skela-Savič, B., 2007. Zakaj so potrebni novi strokovni nazivi v zdravstveni negi. Utrip : informativni bilten Zbornice zdravstvene nege Slovenije, 15(5), pp. 11–13.

Skela-Savič, B., 2007. Angela Boškin in razvoj profesije. Utrip, 15(4), p. 8.

Smith, T., 2009. A policy perspective on the entry into practice issue. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 15, art 1. Available at: http://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ [13. 7. 2017].

Stahlke, W.S., 2018. The impact of regulatory perspectives and practices on professional innovation in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 25(1), art. ID e122112. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12212 PMid:28677848

Steele, N.M., 2017. A time to celebrate: Florence Nightingale. Urologic Nursing, 37(2), pp. 57–59. https://doi.org/10.7257/1053-816X.2017.37.2.57

O’Sullivan, B., 2016. The forgotten 'sisters' of WW1. Kai Tiaki Nursing New Zealand, 21(11), pp. 34–35. Štepec, M., Ličina, M., Oražem, V., Klavora, M., Širok, K., Hribar, A, et al., 2014. Take vojne si nismo predstavljali: 1914–1918. Ljubljana: Muzej novejše zgodovine Slovenije, pp. 91–93.

Terseglav Tomazin, H.T. & Mihelič Zajec, A., 2010. Delovanje medicinskih sester na Jesenicah od začetka 20. stoletja do druge svetovne vojne. In: A. Bobnar & B. Vettorazzi, eds. Partnerstvo, znanje in razvoj na zdravstvenem področju : zbornik predavanj z recenzijo: 2. študentska konferenca s področja zdravstvenih ved. Ljubljana: Zdravstvena fakulteta, pp. 233–241.

Toman, C. & Thifault, M.C., 2012. Historical thinking and the shaping of nursing identity. Nursing History Review, 20, pp. 184–204. https://doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.20.184 PMid:22360003

Uredništvo, 1970. Osebne vesti. Zdravstveni obzornik, 4(2), pp. 109–111. Available at: http://www.obzornikzdravstvenenege.si/1970.04.2.109 [5. 6. 2017].

Watkins, D., 2011. The influence of master’s education on the professional lives of British and German nurses and the further professionalization of nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(12), pp. 2605–2614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05698.x PMid:21615461

While, A., 2014. World War I remembered with reference to district nurses. British Journal of Community Nursing, 9(5), pp. 244–247. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.5.244 PMid:24784560

World Medical Association, 2013. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(20), pp. 2191–2194. Available at: http://www.wma.net/en/20activities/10ethics/10helsinki/DoH-Oct2013-JAMA.pdf [1. 9. 2016].

Zaletel, M. & Šušteršič, O., 2005. Ob 50-letnici izobraževanja iz zdravstvene nege. Obzornik zdravstvene nege, 39(1), pp. 5–20. Available at: https://obzornik. zbornica - zveza.si/index.php/ObzorZdravNeg/article/view/2528 [10. 8. 2018].

Zupanič Slavec, Z., 2017. Zgodovina zdravstva in medicine na Slovenskem: medicina skozi čas, javno zdravstvo, farmacija. Ljubljana : Slovenska matica : Znanstveno društvo za zgodovino zdravstvene kulture Slovenije, pp. 147–169.

Zupanič Slavec, Z., 2005. Razvoj javnega zdravstva na Slovenskem med prvo in drugo svetovno vojno: Dr. Ivo Pirc (1891–1967): utemeljitelj javnega zdravstva na Slovenskem. Ljubljana : Inštitut za varovanje zdravja RS, pp. 47–166.