Direktni psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja za zdravje zaposlenih v bolnišnici

opisna raziskava

Avtorji

  • Tanja Rus Splošna bolnišnica Dr. Franc Derganc Nova Gorica, Ulica padlih borcev 13 a, 5290 Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenija
  • Melita Peršolja Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za vede o zdravju - enota Vipava, Katedra za zdravstveno nego, Trg Pavla Rušta 6, 5271 Vipava, Slovenija https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7861-369X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2022.56.4.3082

Ključne besede:

delovno okolje, psihofizično zdravje, medicinske sestre, tveganja

Povzetek

Uvod: V delovnem okolju na zdravje zaposlenih vplivajo indirektni in direktni psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja, ki določajo storilnost in učinkovitost zaposlenega. Namen  raziskave je bil ugotoviti moč povezanosti direktnih dejavnikov tveganja pri delu na psihofizično zdravje zaposlenih v bolnišnici.
Metode: Izvedena je bila presečna raziskava na 112 izmed 994 naključno izbranih zaposlenih v splošni bolnišnici. Kot merski instrument je bil uporabljen vprašalnik Obvladovanje psihosocialnih tveganj in absentizma (Cronbach α = 0,915). S kvantitativno analizo podatkov je bila raziskana povezanost med spremenljivkami in z regresijsko analizo moč neodvisnih spremenljivk na psihofizično zdravje zaposlenih.
Rezultati: Anketiranci so izmed težav z zdravjem najpogosteje navedli bolečine v mišicah ramen, vratu in/ ali zgornjih udih (n = 44, 39,3 %), počutijo se preobremenjeni in utrujeni (n = 52, 46,6 %). S psihofizičnim
zdravjem zaposlenih se značilno povezujejo štirje od šestih direktnih psihosocialnih dejavnikov tveganja, in sicer so ti delovno okolje, delovna oprema in fizične obremenitve (rs = 0,385, p < 0,01); obremenitve kot posledica sociodemografskih okoliščin (rs = 0,401, p < 0,01); delovna obremenitev in hitrost poteka dela (rs = 0,319, p < 0,01) in; odnos zaposlenega z nadrejenimi (rs = 0,261, p < 0,01). Psihofizično zdravje pojasnjujejo (R2 = 0,18, p < 0,01) delovno okolje, delovna oprema in fizične obremenitve (R2 = 0,15, p < 0,05) ter obremenitve kot posledica sociodemografskih okoliščin (R2 = 0,08, p < 0,05).
Diskusija in zaključek: Anektirani potrebujejo več  neposrednega nadzora, boljše upoštevanje njihovega mnenja pri odločanju na nivoju organizacije in večjo prilagoditev časovnih rokov pri delu. Preobremenjenost in utrujenost izhajata predvsem iz nočnega dela, najpogostejša težava z zdravjem – bolečine v vratu, ramenih in rokah – pa je povezana z dvigovanjem bremen in prekratkimi odmori med delom.

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Objavljeno

2022-12-17

Kako citirati

Rus, T. ., & Peršolja, M. (2022). Direktni psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja za zdravje zaposlenih v bolnišnici: opisna raziskava. Obzornik Zdravstvene Nege, 56(4), 264–279. https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2022.56.4.3082

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